Mitral Regurgitation

Fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and orthopnea are the most prominent complaints in patients with chronic, severe MR. Systemic embolism occurs less frequently than in MS. Right-sided heart failure, with painful hepatic congestion, ankle edema, distended neck veins, ascites, and TR, occur in patients with MR who have associated pulmonary vascular disease and marked pulmonary hypertension. In patients with acute, severe MR, LV failure with acute pulmonary edema is common.